Франс де Вааль "Гендер у обезьян"
Sep. 30th, 2022 08:05 am![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
kot_kamЯ в последнее время почти ничего не тащу с фейсбука, потому что лень - а зря, между прочим. Там дофига всего вкусного. Вот, например, нежно любимый мною Франс де Вааль выпустил очередную книгу об этологии на примере шимпанзе и теперь постит на фейсбучеке отдельные эссе по мотивам книги, как обычно, на стыке психологии и этологии. Если кто такими вещами интересуется - то, конечно, маст рид. Купить, конечно, не купишь, но, думаю, пираты выложат со временем.
Тексты непростые, неоднозначные, внутри больше одной мысли на текст. Ради всего святого, читайте внимательно и, если решите спорить, спорьте с тем, что написано, а не с тем, что вам показалось. Ну, постарайтесь, если можно.
Первый пост без номера, но, поскольку он явно входит в цикл постов по мотивам книги, это явно и есть "эссе номер один".
IS THE MATERNAL INSTINCT JUST A MYTH?
This weekend, the New York Times had an opinion piece by Chelsea Conaboy arguing that the maternal instinct is a myth invented by men (August 28, 2022).
In a way it’s true, but not in the way the journalist intended.
It is true that we don’t use the term instinct much anymore, certainly not for humans, but also not for other animals. This is because the term suggests that a behavior is simple and automatically comes up in every member of the species, which is rarely true. This applies particularly to maternal care, which is complex behavior and requires example and training. A gorilla female at a zoo who is pregnant and has never watched other mothers care for babies is bound to fail with hers. She has missed opportunities to learn. Her baby is likely to die from starvation or mishandling.
Young female primates are extremely eager to learn, though, and far more attracted to babies and dolls than are males. They actively seek the maternity training they need. As soon as a mother primate arrives with a newborn she will be surrounded by young females, not males, who all want to hold and cuddle the infant. When these young females grow older, they will turn into babysitters. And when they are adult, they will know what to do with a baby and how to bring it close to their nipples.
The Gendered Ape, Essay #2
ARE MALES NATURALLY DOMINANT?
Short answer: No
Long answer: Physical dominance is not the same as power and leadership
Photograph: For over forty years, Mama was the alpha female of the large chimpanzee colony at Burgers’ Zoo. Portrait by Frans de Waal.
A century ago, the London Zoo put about one hundred hamadryas baboons together in the wrong sex ratio. Over 90% of the monkeys were male. They fought for years, and by the end, the females had died as well as most of the males. The scientist in charge, Solly Zuckerman, who was quite prominent (Fellow of the Royal Society), popularized this unmitigated disaster. In the primates, he claimed, males rule brutally and supremely. Females have no say whatsoever. His observations hinted, he felt, at the origin of human society. Repeated over and over by others, this view became mainstream even though we, primatologists, wisely don’t mention Zuckerman much anymore. Too embarrassing!
The Gendered Ape, Essay #3
DO ONLY HUMANS HAVE GENDERS?
I’ve been told that gender is uniquely human, so what would be the point of comparing us with other species? They only have sexes.
I find this highly unlikely.
The Gendered Ape, Essay #4
IS RAPE IN OUR GENES?
The violence of men against women is one of the most blatant and dangerous aspects of gender inequality, an issue often ignored by men but of obvious concern to women.
Поскольку фейсбучные ссылки - дело гнилое, кладу отдельно ссылку на всю страницу: https://www.facebook.com/franspublic
Тексты непростые, неоднозначные, внутри больше одной мысли на текст. Ради всего святого, читайте внимательно и, если решите спорить, спорьте с тем, что написано, а не с тем, что вам показалось. Ну, постарайтесь, если можно.
Первый пост без номера, но, поскольку он явно входит в цикл постов по мотивам книги, это явно и есть "эссе номер один".
IS THE MATERNAL INSTINCT JUST A MYTH?
This weekend, the New York Times had an opinion piece by Chelsea Conaboy arguing that the maternal instinct is a myth invented by men (August 28, 2022).
In a way it’s true, but not in the way the journalist intended.
It is true that we don’t use the term instinct much anymore, certainly not for humans, but also not for other animals. This is because the term suggests that a behavior is simple and automatically comes up in every member of the species, which is rarely true. This applies particularly to maternal care, which is complex behavior and requires example and training. A gorilla female at a zoo who is pregnant and has never watched other mothers care for babies is bound to fail with hers. She has missed opportunities to learn. Her baby is likely to die from starvation or mishandling.
Young female primates are extremely eager to learn, though, and far more attracted to babies and dolls than are males. They actively seek the maternity training they need. As soon as a mother primate arrives with a newborn she will be surrounded by young females, not males, who all want to hold and cuddle the infant. When these young females grow older, they will turn into babysitters. And when they are adult, they will know what to do with a baby and how to bring it close to their nipples.
The Gendered Ape, Essay #2
ARE MALES NATURALLY DOMINANT?
Short answer: No
Long answer: Physical dominance is not the same as power and leadership
Photograph: For over forty years, Mama was the alpha female of the large chimpanzee colony at Burgers’ Zoo. Portrait by Frans de Waal.
A century ago, the London Zoo put about one hundred hamadryas baboons together in the wrong sex ratio. Over 90% of the monkeys were male. They fought for years, and by the end, the females had died as well as most of the males. The scientist in charge, Solly Zuckerman, who was quite prominent (Fellow of the Royal Society), popularized this unmitigated disaster. In the primates, he claimed, males rule brutally and supremely. Females have no say whatsoever. His observations hinted, he felt, at the origin of human society. Repeated over and over by others, this view became mainstream even though we, primatologists, wisely don’t mention Zuckerman much anymore. Too embarrassing!
The Gendered Ape, Essay #3
DO ONLY HUMANS HAVE GENDERS?
I’ve been told that gender is uniquely human, so what would be the point of comparing us with other species? They only have sexes.
I find this highly unlikely.
The Gendered Ape, Essay #4
IS RAPE IN OUR GENES?
The violence of men against women is one of the most blatant and dangerous aspects of gender inequality, an issue often ignored by men but of obvious concern to women.
Поскольку фейсбучные ссылки - дело гнилое, кладу отдельно ссылку на всю страницу: https://www.facebook.com/franspublic
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no subject
Date: 2022-09-30 06:48 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2022-09-30 06:59 am (UTC)Франс де Вааль вообще мастрид весь.
no subject
Date: 2022-09-30 08:01 am (UTC)Но уж раз про "Политику у шимпанзе" я и раньше слышал, прочту.
no subject
Date: 2022-09-30 10:44 am (UTC)https:// 3quarksdaily.com/ short-essays-on-gender-differences-by-frans-de-waal